Immuunsüsteem / barjäär

KPV kalkulaator

Arvuta iga peptiidi jaoks täpsed lahuse mahud, insuliiniühikud ja annuste arv viaali kohta.

Viaal, vesi ja annus on teada

KPVSee kalkulaator on seatud peptiidile KPV

Peptiidi kogus (mg)

BAC-vesi (ml)

Annus (mcg)

tavaline 100-1000 mcg

mcgmg

Süstla suurus

Kalibreerimine

U-100U-40

Ühikud on maht, mitte toimeaine

Ühikud mõõdavad mahtu, mitte toimeainet. 5 IU = 0,05 ml. Mitu mg selles on, sõltub segust. Kalkulaator on selle sinu eest välja arvutanud.

Peaaegu kõik insuliinisüstlad on U-100. Vali U-40 ainult siis, kui süstal on tähistatud U-40.

Sinu tulemus · reaalajas

IUmlÜhikud

Tõmba süstlasse

5IU

5 IU / 100 IU (0.050 ml)

Kontsentratsioon

5.00

mg/ml

Maht annuse kohta

0.050

Annuseid viaali kohta

annust

annuse kohta

—

KPV

Põhiandmed

Sagedus: daily
Tavaline vahemik: 100-1000 mcg
CAS-number: 67727-97-3
Molekulaarvalem: C₁₆H₃₀N₄O₄
Molaarmass: 342 g/mol

Sünonüümid

Lys-Pro-Valα-MSH(11-13)

Uuringud ja allikad

Lingitud allikad viivad PubMedisse ja avanevad uuel vahelehel.

Teadusprofiil

KPV peptiidileksikonis: mehhanism, tõendus ja allikad

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What Is KPV?

KPV is a synthetic tripeptide composed of three amino acids: lysine, proline, and valine. Its name is derived from the single-letter codes of those amino acids (K-P-V). KPV is the C-terminal fragment of the hormone alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) — specifically residues 11 through 13. While alpha-MSH is a much larger 13-amino-acid peptide that produces a broad range of effects, including pigmentation, appetite regulation, and inflammatory modulation, KPV isolates the anti-inflammatory portion of that molecule without the pigment-driving properties.

This is what makes KPV interesting in preclinical research: it is a small, comparatively stable molecule that carries the immunomodulatory signature of alpha-MSH without binding to the melanocortin receptors responsible for skin tanning. As a result, the literature frequently discusses KPV alongside peptides such as BPC-157 and Selank in the context of barrier function, mucosal repair, and anti-inflammatory activity. Unlike Melanotan compounds, which are also derived from the melanocortin family, KPV has no meaningful effect on pigmentation.

KPV is not a hormone in the classical sense and does not act on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. It works predominantly at the local, cellular level, where it modulates inflammatory signaling pathways. Its low molecular weight allows researchers to study not only injectable administration but also oral and topical routes. The information presented here applies strictly to the research context; KPV is not an approved drug.

Mechanisms of Action

KPV exerts its biological activity primarily by dampening inflammatory signaling cascades. Unlike its parent peptide alpha-MSH, KPV appears to act largely independently of cell-surface receptors: research data suggest the tripeptide is taken up into the cell and intervenes in key signaling pathways intracellularly rather than docking onto an external receptor. The effects described in the preclinical literature include:

Inhibition of the NF-kB pathway: NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B) is a central transcription factor that drives the production of numerous pro-inflammatory proteins. Research shows that KPV reduces the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kB, throttling the transcription of inflammatory genes. This is considered one of the principal mechanisms behind KPV's anti-inflammatory activity.
Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines: In cell and animal models, KPV lowers the concentration of signaling molecules such as TNF-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6. These cytokines drive and sustain inflammatory responses, and reducing their levels dampens inflammatory activity without fully shutting down the immune response.
Modulation of MAPK signaling: KPV interacts with the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, which are also involved in regulating inflammation and cellular stress. The combined action on NF-kB and MAPK explains the broad anti-inflammatory profile observed in preclinical models.
Gut barrier research: A substantial portion of the KPV literature focuses on inflammatory bowel models. KPV is taken up by intestinal epithelial cells via a peptide transporter and reduces mucosal inflammation. This has been studied in colitis models, where KPV lowered inflammatory markers and supported the integrity of the epithelial barrier.
Skin barrier research: Because KPV is a fragment of a skin-associated hormone, it is also studied in dermatological contexts. Preclinical work examines topical and systemic application in inflammatory skin models and in supporting the wound-healing phase, where excessive inflammation can delay the healing process.
Antimicrobial properties: Like its parent hormone alpha-MSH, KPV demonstrates direct antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria and fungi in laboratory studies. This aspect remains an area of ongoing basic research.

Dosage Calculation

KPV does not typically require a titration ramp. Most research protocols use a fixed daily dose. Because it is a small tripeptide with a short half-life, some protocols use once-daily administration while others split the dose into two applications per day.

Standard Dosing Parameters

Conservative dose: 100 mcg (0.10 mg) per application
Standard dose: 200–250 mcg (0.20–0.25 mg) per application
Higher range: 500–1000 mcg (0.50–1.00 mg) per application
Frequency: Once daily, split into two partial doses if needed
Typical syringe: 0.3 mL insulin syringe (29–31 gauge, 6–8 mm needle)

Example Calculation: 10 mg Vial with 2 mL BAC Water

A common vial size is 10 mg. Adding 2 mL of bacteriostatic water gives a concentration of 5 mg/mL (5,000 mcg/mL).

100 mcg dose: 100 ÷ 5000 = 0.02 mL (2 units on a U100 syringe)
200 mcg dose: 200 ÷ 5000 = 0.04 mL (4 units)
250 mcg dose: 250 ÷ 5000 = 0.05 mL (5 units)
500 mcg dose: 500 ÷ 5000 = 0.10 mL (10 units)

At 250 mcg once daily, a 10 mg vial provides 40 days of dosing. Use the KPV calculator above to compute exact volumes for any vial size, reconstitution volume, and target dose. The calculator is also helpful when using a 10 mg vial, since concentration and syringe volume shift accordingly.

Reconstitution

KPV is supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder in sealed vials. For injectable use it must be reconstituted with bacteriostatic water (BAC water) before application. BAC water contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol, which inhibits microbial growth and extends the usable window of the reconstituted solution. Sterile water for injection should not be used for multi-dose vials because it contains no preservative.

Step-by-Step Reconstitution Protocol

Gather supplies: KPV vial, bacteriostatic water vial, alcohol swabs, a sterile draw needle (18–21 gauge), and your insulin syringe for later application.
Wipe the rubber septa of both vials with fresh alcohol swabs and allow them to air-dry for about 30 seconds. Do not touch or blow on the septa afterward.
Draw the desired volume of BAC water (2 mL is standard for a 5 mg vial) into the draw syringe.
Insert the needle into the KPV vial at an angle, directing the tip toward the inner glass wall rather than the lyophilized powder. A direct stream onto the powder cake can mechanically stress the peptide.
Slowly push the plunger so that the BAC water runs down the inside wall of the vial and gradually wets the powder from below.
Gently swirl or roll the vial between your palms until the powder is completely dissolved. The solution should appear clear and colorless. Do not shake or vortex, as strong shear forces can damage the peptide.
Label the vial with the reconstitution date and concentration (for example, "KPV 2.5 mg/mL — reconstituted [date]").

If the solution appears cloudy, discolored, or contains visible particulate matter, discard the vial and do not use it. The oral and topical routes also studied in research use different preparations that are outside the scope of this injection-focused guide.

Storage and Shelf Life

Lyophilized powder (unreconstituted): Store at −20°C for long-term storage, where it remains stable for many months. Short-term storage at 2–8°C in a refrigerator is acceptable for several weeks. Keep away from light and moisture and do not leave at room temperature for extended periods.
Reconstituted solution: Store in the refrigerator at 2–8°C. The solution is typically stable for approximately 28–30 days. Keep the vial upright and away from light, and write the reconstitution date prominently on the label. Discard the vial after roughly 30 days regardless of remaining volume.
Do not freeze reconstituted peptide. Freeze-thaw cycles cause peptide aggregation and loss of activity. Once reconstituted, the vial must remain refrigerated throughout its entire use window.
Transport: Use an insulated cooler with an ice pack for any travel lasting more than one to two hours. Commercial medication pouches maintain 2–8°C for 24–48 hours. Avoid exposure to temperatures above 25°C.

Side Effects and Safety Profile

KPV is regarded as a well-tolerated peptide in preclinical research. As a short tripeptide and a fragment of an endogenous hormone, it has not shown a pronounced toxicity profile in animal models. Robust human clinical trials are largely absent, however, which is why use remains strictly within the research domain and all statements should be assessed with appropriate caution.

Commonly Reported Observations

Mild redness, transient swelling, or brief discomfort at the injection site. These reactions usually resolve within a few hours. Rotating the injection site reduces localized irritation.
Occasionally, mild pressure or slight fatigue is reported after the first application. Such observations are nonspecific and generally self-limiting.
With oral use in research protocols, mild gastrointestinal sensations are occasionally described and are typically minor.

Less Common or Theoretical Concerns

Hypersensitivity reactions: As with any injectable peptide, allergic reactions are possible in principle. If a rash, itching, or swelling extends beyond the injection site, use should be discontinued.
Immunomodulation: Because KPV dampens inflammatory signaling pathways, an interaction with other immunomodulatory substances is theoretically conceivable. The combined effect at the cellular and tissue level is not well characterized.
Source purity: Impurities from low-quality synthesis can cause side effects that are not attributable to the peptide itself. Verified purity is therefore a central safety factor.

Contraindications

Pregnancy and breastfeeding, due to insufficient safety data
Known hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation
Active autoimmune or infectious disease without medical supervision, since the effect of immunomodulation cannot be predicted in these contexts

No serious adverse events have been attributed to KPV in the published literature at standard research doses. Given the absence of large-scale human trials, caution is warranted and consultation with a qualified healthcare professional is strongly recommended.

Combinations and Stacks

KPV + BPC-157 — Gut and Barrier Focus

KPV is frequently considered alongside BPC-157 in research on the gastrointestinal barrier. The two peptides address complementary aspects: BPC-157 is one of the most extensively studied peptides for gastrointestinal repair and drives angiogenesis and mucosal healing, while KPV specifically dampens the inflammatory component through inhibition of NF-kB. In preclinical gut models, the regenerative orientation of BPC-157 complements the anti-inflammatory profile of KPV. View detailed dosing information for BPC-157 at the BPC-157 calculator.

KPV + Selank — Inflammation and the Stress Axis

Another combination discussed in research pairs KPV with Selank. Selank is studied primarily in the context of stress regulation and neuroimmune modulation. While KPV acts on the peripheral inflammatory burden, Selank addresses overlapping pathways at the neuroimmune level. Research protocols that combine both peptides treat them as two independent tools with separate focal points.

KPV + Thymosin Alpha-1 — Immune Context

In the broader immunological context, KPV is also positioned alongside Thymosin Alpha-1. Thymosin Alpha-1 is associated in research with the regulation of the immune response. The combination is of interest because KPV dampens inflammatory overactivation, while Thymosin Alpha-1 modulates immune balance at a different level. Each component should be reconstituted and dosed individually.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is KPV the same as alpha-MSH?

No. KPV is the C-terminal fragment of alpha-MSH and consists of only three amino acids, whereas alpha-MSH is a complete 13-amino-acid peptide hormone. KPV carries the anti-inflammatory portion of the molecule but lacks the pigment-driving properties of alpha-MSH, because it does not bind to the melanocortin receptors responsible for tanning.

Does KPV cause skin tanning?

Based on current research, no. Unlike Melanotan compounds, which are also derived from the melanocortin family, KPV has no meaningful effect on melanin production. Dermatological research on KPV focuses on inflammatory skin models and barrier function, not pigmentation.

Can KPV be taken orally?

In research, KPV is studied orally in addition to injectable use, particularly in gut models. Studies describe that KPV is taken up by intestinal epithelial cells via a peptide transporter, enabling a local effect in the gastrointestinal tract. For systemic research questions, subcutaneous administration is generally preferred.

How long does it take for KPV to show effects?

Because KPV has primarily been studied in preclinical models, no reliable statements about human time windows can be made. The underlying mechanism — dampening inflammatory signaling — acts relatively quickly at the cellular level, but the observable effect depends heavily on the specific model and endpoint. Any timing outside controlled studies is speculative.

Does KPV affect hormone levels?

KPV is not a hormone in the functional sense and does not act on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Based on the current research, it does not bind to the classical melanocortin receptors and affects neither the sex hormones nor thyroid or adrenal function. Post-cycle therapy is not relevant.

What vial size is common for KPV?

KPV is typically offered in 5 mg and 10 mg vials. The 5 mg size is practical for most research protocols, as it covers roughly 20 days at a daily dose of 250 mcg. Larger vials reduce the number of reconstitution events but must be used within the shelf-life window of the reconstituted solution.

Can KPV be mixed with BPC-157 in the same syringe?

It is safer to reconstitute and inject each peptide individually. The combined stability of KPV and BPC-157 in a shared solution is not well characterized. Two separate injections at the same or an adjacent site add only minor inconvenience while eliminating the risk of interaction or concentration errors.

What should I look for when buying KPV?

Verified purity is essential, ideally documented by a certificate of analysis (HPLC and mass spectrometry). Because KPV is a short peptide, synthesis byproducts can distort the actual activity profile. Also look for proper lyophilization and appropriate refrigerated logistics. KPV is offered strictly for research purposes.

Medical Disclaimer: The information on this page is provided for educational and research purposes only. KPV is not an approved drug or medical treatment and is described strictly for research use. Nothing on this page constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or a recommendation to use any specific compound. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before beginning any peptide protocol. BergdorfBio assumes no liability for the use or misuse of the information presented here.

Samm-sammult

Kuidas peptiidi lahustada

Pulbrist valmis süstlani viie sammuga. Ülalolev kalkulaator annab kogused automaatselt.

011
Valmista BAC-vesi ette
Lase viaalil ja veel jõuda toatemperatuurini. Pühi mõlemad kummikorgid alkoholilapiga.
022
Tõmba vesi süstlasse
Tõmba kalkulaatori soovitatud BAC-vee kogus suurema süstlaga.
033
Lisa aeglaselt
Lase veel voolata mööda peptiidiviaali siseseina, ära pihusta seda otse pulbrile.
044
Lase lahustuda
Keeruta viaali õrnalt, ära raputa. Pulber lahustub selgeks 1-2 minuti jooksul.
055
Tõmba annus süstlasse
Tõmba insuliinisüstlaga täpselt arvutatud kriipsuni. Valmis.

Viide

Annused ja viaalisuurused peptiidi kaupa

Tavalised algväärtused orienteerumiseks. Iga rida avab selle peptiidi kalkulaatori.

Peptiid	Kategooria	Tavaline annus	Viaalisuurused	BAC (algus)	Saadaval	Arvuta
VIP	Neuropeptiidide uurimine	-	10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Retatrutide	GLP-1/GIP/GCG	0,5-12 mg	2 / 5 / 10 / 15 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Cagrilintide	Amüliini analoog	-	5 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Semaglutide	GLP-1	0,25-2,4 mg	2 / 5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Tirzepatide	GLP-1/GIP	2,5-15 mg	10 / 15 / 20 / 30 / 60 / 90 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
GHK-Cu	Vaskepeptiid	1-4 mg	10 / 20 / 50 mg	5 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
AHK-Cu	Vaskepeptiid	-	100 mg	5 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
BPC-157	Kudede taastamine	0,2-0,5 mg	2 / 5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
TB-500	Thymosin Beta-4	2-5 mg	2 / 5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
CJC-1295 (ilma DAC-ta)	GHRH analoog	100-200 mcg	2 / 5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Ipamorelin	GHRP	200-300 mcg	2 / 5 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
AOD-9604	Rasvade ainevahetus	250-500 mcg	2 / 5 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
PT-141	Bremelanotide	-	2 / 5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
MOTS-c	Mitokondriaalne	5-10 mg	5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Selank	Anksiolüütiline	150-500 mcg	2 / 5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
SS-31	Elamipretide	0,1-1 mg	5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Glow Stack	Stack	0,5-2 mg	70 mg	3 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Klow Stack	Stack	0,5-2 mg	55 mg	3 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Melanotan II	Melanokortiin	100-1000 mcg	5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Melanotan I	Melanokortiin	-	5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Sermorelin	GHRH analoog	50-300 mcg	5 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Tesamorelin	GHRH analoog	1-2 mg	10 / 20 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Thymosin Alpha-1	Tüümusepetiid	0,8-3,2 mg	1.6 / 5 / 10 mg	1 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Epithalon	Pikaajalisus	2-10 mg	10 / 20 / 50 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
KPV	Immuunsüsteem / barjäär	100-1000 mcg	5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
HGH Fragment 176-191	Metaboolne fragment	100-500 mcg	2 / 5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Semax	Kognitiivne	100-1000 mcg	10 / 30 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
N-Acetyl Semax	Kognitiivne	100-1000 mcg	5 / 10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Hexarelin	GHRP	50-200 mcg	2 / 5 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
GHRP-6	GHRP	50-300 mcg	2 / 5 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
GHRP-2	GHRP	50-250 mcg	2 / 5 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
DSIP	Uni	50-500 mcg	10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
5-Amino-1MQ	Metaboolne	2,5-10 mg	10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Pinealon	Uurimispeptiid	-	10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Survodutide	GLP-1/glükagoon	-	10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
Kisspeptin-10	KISS1R / GPR54	-	10 mg	2 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
HGH 191AA	Kasvuhormoon	1-5 mg	10 mg	1 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta
NAD+	Pikaajalisus / kofaktor	100-500 mg	1000 mg	10 ml	Ainult kalkulaator	Arvuta

Väärtused on mõeldud orienteerumiseks uurimiskontekstis ega asenda professionaalset nõuannet.

Miks täpne annustamine oluline on

Kontsentratsiooni ja süstemahu õige arvutamine tundub tühine, kuid on kõige sagedasem veaallikas. Isegi 10 % suurune arvutusviga lahuse valmistamisel tähendab, et saad kas liiga vähe toimeainet või manustad kogemata üleannuse.

Lüofiliseeritud peptiide müüakse milligrammides ja need lahustatakse bakteriostaatilises vees (BAC-vesi). Peptiidi ja vee suhe määrab kontsentratsiooni ja sellest tuleneb, mitu ühikut insuliinisüstlale tõmbad. Insuliinisüstlaid gradueeritakse ühikutes, mitte milligrammides. Kalkulaator teeb selle ümberarvutuse ära, sealhulgas mõistlikkuse kontrolli kõige ohtlikuma vea vastu: mg ja mcg segiajamine.

KKK

Korduma kippuvad küsimused

Mis vahe on mcg ja mg vahel?

Milligramm (mg) on ühik, milles lüofiliseeritud peptiide müüakse, näiteks „5 mg BPC-157". Mikrogramm (mcg) mõõdab üksikannust, näiteks „250 mcg süsti kohta". 1 mg = 1000 mcg. Kalkulaator teeb ümberarvutuse automaatselt ja hoiatab, kui sisestus tundub segiaetud olevat.

Mida tähendab „U-100" minu insuliinisüstlal?

U-100 tähendab, et süstal on kalibreeritud 100 ühikule milliliitri kohta. 100 IU = 1 ml, seega 10 IU = 0,10 ml, sõltumata sellest, mis süstlas on. IU arvutus põhineb täpselt sellel seosel.

Miks näitab kalkulaator mõnikord väga väikeseid mahtusid?

Palju peptiidi ja vähe vett teeb lahuse väga kontsentreerituks, mistõttu maht annuse kohta on tilluke ja raskesti loetav. Kasuta segamise abivahendit: see leiab veekoguse, millega tekib puhas ja hästi loetav kriips.

Kui kaua lahustatud peptiid püsib?

Külmkapis 2-8 °C juures tavaliselt 21-30 päeva. Märgista viaalile lahuse valmistamise kuupäev. Hägused lahused või osakesed ei kõlba.

Kuidas kalkulaator töötab segude, näiteks Glow Stacki puhul?

Segud sisaldavad ühes viaalis mitut toimeainet. Vali peptiidiks lihtsalt segu: kalkulaator näitab lisaks, kui palju igat komponenti sinu süstis on. Mitme eraldi viaali kombinatsiooni jaoks kasuta Stack Builderit.

Kas kalkulaator tuleb iga kord uuesti täita?

Ei. Sinu viimased seaded salvestatakse lokaalselt brauserisse ja taastatakse järgmisel külastusel. Arvutusi saad ka ajaloost tagasi kutsuda, protokollina salvestada või lingina jagada.

Seotud peptiidid

BPC-157Kudede taastamine SelankAnksiolüütiline Thymosin Alpha-1Tüümusepetiid

Kõik kalkulaatorid

Vali peptiid

Vali peptiid, et avada selle kalkulaatorileht eeltäidetud väärtustega.

KPV kalkulaator

Põhiandmed

Uuringud ja allikad

What Is KPV?

Mechanisms of Action

Dosage Calculation

Standard Dosing Parameters

Example Calculation: 10 mg Vial with 2 mL BAC Water

Reconstitution

Step-by-Step Reconstitution Protocol

Storage and Shelf Life

Side Effects and Safety Profile

Commonly Reported Observations

Less Common or Theoretical Concerns

Contraindications

Combinations and Stacks

KPV + BPC-157 — Gut and Barrier Focus

KPV + Selank — Inflammation and the Stress Axis

KPV + Thymosin Alpha-1 — Immune Context

Frequently Asked Questions

Is KPV the same as alpha-MSH?

Does KPV cause skin tanning?

Can KPV be taken orally?

How long does it take for KPV to show effects?

Does KPV affect hormone levels?

What vial size is common for KPV?

Can KPV be mixed with BPC-157 in the same syringe?

What should I look for when buying KPV?

Kuidas peptiidi lahustada

Valmista BAC-vesi ette

Tõmba vesi süstlasse

Lisa aeglaselt

Lase lahustuda

Tõmba annus süstlasse

Annused ja viaalisuurused peptiidi kaupa

Miks täpne annustamine oluline on

Korduma kippuvad küsimused

Seotud peptiidid

Vali peptiid

VIP

Retatrutide

Cagrilintide

Semaglutide

Tirzepatide

GHK-Cu

AHK-Cu

BPC-157

TB-500

CJC-1295 (ilma DAC-ta)

Ipamorelin

AOD-9604

PT-141

MOTS-c

Selank

SS-31

Glow Stack

Klow Stack

Melanotan II

Melanotan I

Sermorelin

Tesamorelin

Thymosin Alpha-1

Epithalon

HGH Fragment 176-191

Semax

N-Acetyl Semax

Hexarelin

GHRP-6

GHRP-2

DSIP

5-Amino-1MQ

Pinealon

Survodutide

Kisspeptin-10

HGH 191AA

NAD+

KPV kalkulaator

Põhiandmed

Uuringud ja allikad

What Is KPV?